Feature: read receipts (MDN, RFC 8098)

Bulwark had no read-receipt support (JMAP/Stalwart have no native MDN).
End-to-end, client-side, in three parts:

- Request (compose): a toolbar toggle (MailCheck, green when on) sets
  Disposition-Notification-To on the outgoing message via the JMAP
  "header:<name>:asText" create property. Threaded composer -> page ->
  email-store -> client.sendEmail. Default from requestReadReceiptDefault.

- Detect (viewer): reads Disposition-Notification-To case-insensitively from
  the parsed headers and shows a banner (green Send / red Ignore) in the
  unified notification bar. Hidden in Sent/Drafts/Trash/Junk and once handled.
  message/disposition-notification + message/delivery-status report parts are
  filtered out of the attachment list.

- Respond (MDN): lib/mdn.ts builds an RFC 8098 multipart/report (text/plain +
  message/disposition-notification, UTF-8/base64, localized subject + body).
  client.sendReadReceipt uploads the blob, imports it into Sent via
  Email/import, then submits with an explicit envelope. Both Send and Ignore
  set the $MDNSent keyword (RFC 3503) so no client re-prompts. Behaviour
  configurable: ask / always / never.

New: lib/mdn.ts, read-receipt-banner.tsx. Settings (requestReadReceiptDefault,
readReceiptResponse) + UI. All 17 locales.

app/(main)/[locale]/page.tsx

@@ -1130,6 +1130,7 @@ export default function Home() {
     inReplyTo?: string[];
     references?: string[];
     delayedUntil?: string;
+    requestReadReceipt?: boolean;
   }) => {
     if (!client) return;
 
@@ -1137,7 +1138,7 @@ export default function Home() {
       const effectiveMode = pendingDraft?.mode ?? composerMode;
       const originalEmailId = selectedEmail?.id;
 
-      const result = await sendEmail(client, data.to, data.subject, data.body, data.cc, data.bcc, data.identityId, data.fromEmail, data.draftId, data.fromName, data.htmlBody, data.attachments, data.inReplyTo, data.references, data.delayedUntil, data.envelopeMailFrom);
+      const result = await sendEmail(client, data.to, data.subject, data.body, data.cc, data.bcc, data.identityId, data.fromEmail, data.draftId, data.fromName, data.htmlBody, data.attachments, data.inReplyTo, data.references, data.delayedUntil, data.envelopeMailFrom, { requestReadReceipt: data.requestReadReceipt });
       setShowComposer(false);
       if (result.scheduled) {
         await refreshScheduledMetadata(client);

components/email/email-composer.tsx

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import { useFocusTrap } from "@/hooks/use-focus-trap";
 import { useTranslations } from "next-intl";
 import { Button } from "@/components/ui/button";
 import { Input } from "@/components/ui/input";
-import { X, Paperclip, Send, Save, Check, Loader2, AlertCircle, FileText, BookmarkPlus, ShieldCheck, Lock, CalendarClock, ChevronDown } from "lucide-react";
+import { X, Paperclip, Send, Save, Check, Loader2, AlertCircle, FileText, BookmarkPlus, ShieldCheck, Lock, CalendarClock, ChevronDown, MailCheck } from "lucide-react";
 import { cn, formatFileSize, formatDateTime, generateUUID } from "@/lib/utils";
 import { debug } from "@/lib/debug";
 import { toast } from "@/stores/toast-store";
@@ -90,6 +90,7 @@ interface EmailComposerProps {
     inReplyTo?: string[];
     references?: string[];
     delayedUntil?: string;
+    requestReadReceipt?: boolean;
   }) => void | Promise<void>;
   onScheduledSendCreated?: () => void | Promise<void>;
   onClose?: () => void;
@@ -206,6 +207,7 @@ export function EmailComposer({
   const sendDelaySeconds = useSettingsStore((state) => state.sendDelaySeconds);
   const signaturePosition = useSettingsStore((state) => state.signaturePosition);
   const signatureSeparatorEnabled = useSettingsStore((state) => state.signatureSeparatorEnabled);
+  const requestReadReceiptDefault = useSettingsStore((state) => state.requestReadReceiptDefault);
   const activeIdentities = useIdentityStore((s) => s.identities);
   // Pro shell: surface identities from every connected account, grouped
   // for the From dropdown's <optgroup>s. Outside Pro this collapses to
@@ -384,6 +386,7 @@ export function EmailComposer({
   const [body, setBody] = useState(initialData?.body ?? getInitialBody());
   const [showCc, setShowCc] = useState(initialData?.showCc ?? !!getInitialCc());
   const [showBcc, setShowBcc] = useState(initialData?.showBcc ?? false);
+  const [requestReadReceipt, setRequestReadReceipt] = useState(requestReadReceiptDefault);
   const [draftId, setDraftId] = useState<string | null>(initialData?.draftId ?? null);
   // Mirror of draftId for synchronous reads inside chained saves; React's
   // setDraftId is async, so a queued saveDraft would otherwise see the old
@@ -1656,6 +1659,7 @@ export function EmailComposer({
           attachments: uploadedAttachments.length > 0 ? uploadedAttachments : undefined,
           inReplyTo: threadingHeaders?.inReplyTo,
           references: threadingHeaders?.references,
+          requestReadReceipt,
           delayedUntil: effectiveDelayedUntil,
         });
 
@@ -2217,7 +2221,7 @@ export function EmailComposer({
         )}
 
         {/* Bottom toolbar */}
-        <div className="flex items-center justify-between px-4 py-2.5 border-t bg-background shrink-0 pb-[calc(env(safe-area-inset-bottom)/2)]">
+        <div className="flex items-center justify-between px-4 py-2.5 border-t bg-background shrink-0 pb-[calc(0.625rem+env(safe-area-inset-bottom)/2)]">
           {/* Left side actions */}
           <div className="flex items-center gap-1">
             <input
@@ -2280,6 +2284,21 @@ export function EmailComposer({
                 </Button>
               </>
             )}
+
+            {/* Read-receipt request toggle */}
+            <Button
+              variant="ghost"
+              size="icon"
+              onClick={() => setRequestReadReceipt(v => !v)}
+              className={cn(
+                "h-9 w-9",
+                requestReadReceipt && "bg-green-600 text-white hover:bg-green-600 hover:text-white dark:bg-green-600 dark:hover:bg-green-600"
+              )}
+              title={requestReadReceipt ? t('read_receipt_on') : t('read_receipt_off')}
+              aria-pressed={requestReadReceipt}
+            >
+              <MailCheck className="w-4 h-4" />
+            </Button>
             <PluginSlot name="composer-toolbar" />
           </div>
 

components/email/email-viewer.tsx

@@ -83,6 +83,8 @@ import { useThemeStore } from "@/stores/theme-store";
 import { EmailIdentityBadge } from "./email-identity-badge";
 import { UnsubscribeBanner } from "./unsubscribe-banner";
 import { CalendarInvitationBanner } from "./calendar-invitation-banner";
+import { ReadReceiptBanner } from "./read-receipt-banner";
+import { stripCrossAccountIdentityPrefix } from "@/hooks/use-pro-multi-account-identities";
 import { useTour } from "@/components/tour/tour-provider";
 import { useIsEmbedded } from "@/hooks/use-is-embedded";
 import { SmimePassphraseDialog } from "@/components/settings/smime-passphrase-dialog";
@@ -911,6 +913,7 @@ export function EmailViewer({
   const showToolbarLabels = useSettingsStore((state) => state.showToolbarLabels);
   const mailLayout = useSettingsStore((state) => state.mailLayout);
   const calendarInvitationParsingEnabled = useSettingsStore((state) => state.calendarInvitationParsingEnabled);
+  const readReceiptResponse = useSettingsStore((state) => state.readReceiptResponse);
   const hideInlineImageAttachments = useSettingsStore((state) => state.hideInlineImageAttachments);
   const attachmentImagePreviewsEnabled = useSettingsStore((state) => state.attachmentImagePreviewsEnabled);
   const dragOutActive = useMemo(() => isDragOutSupported(), []);
@@ -2193,6 +2196,9 @@ export function EmailViewer({
       // Hide inline cid-referenced images when the user has opted to keep them
       // out of the attachment list (default on): these are embedded in the body.
       .filter(att => !(hideInlineImageAttachments && att.cid && att.disposition === 'inline' && (att.type || '').startsWith('image/')))
+      // Hide machine-readable report parts (MDN read-receipts, DSN bounce
+      // reports). These are required MIME parts, not real user attachments.
+      .filter(att => att.type !== 'message/disposition-notification' && att.type !== 'message/delivery-status')
       .map((attachment, index) => ({
         id: attachment.blobId || `${attachment.name || 'attachment'}-${index}`,
         name: attachment.name || null,
@@ -3252,6 +3258,103 @@ export function EmailViewer({
     ? calendarInvitationParsingEnabled && !!findCalendarAttachment(email)
     : false;
 
+  // ── Read receipt (MDN, RFC 8098) ──────────────────────────────
+  // Detect a Disposition-Notification-To request on the open message. The
+  // header is parsed into email.headers by the client; look it up
+  // case-insensitively and extract the bare address.
+  const readReceiptRequestedBy = useMemo(() => {
+    const headers = email?.headers as Record<string, string | string[]> | undefined;
+    if (!headers) return null;
+    let raw: string | undefined;
+    for (const key of Object.keys(headers)) {
+      if (key.toLowerCase() === 'disposition-notification-to') {
+        const v = headers[key];
+        raw = Array.isArray(v) ? v[0] : v;
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+    if (!raw) return null;
+    const m = raw.match(/<([^>]+)>/);
+    const addr = (m ? m[1] : raw).trim();
+    return addr || null;
+  }, [email?.headers]);
+
+  // The identity whose address received the original message — the MDN is sent
+  // "from" that address. Falls back to the primary identity.
+  const receiptIdentity = useMemo(() => {
+    if (!identities?.length) return null;
+    const recipients = [...(email?.to || []), ...(email?.cc || [])]
+      .map(r => r.email?.toLowerCase())
+      .filter(Boolean);
+    return identities.find(i => recipients.includes(i.email?.toLowerCase())) || identities[0];
+  }, [identities, email?.to, email?.cc]);
+
+  const mdnAlreadyHandled = email?.keywords?.['$mdnsent'] === true;
+  const [mdnHandledLocally, setMdnHandledLocally] = useState(false);
+  useEffect(() => { setMdnHandledLocally(false); }, [email?.id]);
+
+  // Only offer the receipt for mail you're actually reading in a "received"
+  // location. Suppress your own copies (sent/drafts), discarded mail (trash),
+  // and spam (junk) - never confirm your address to spammers. Inbox, Archive
+  // and user folders all qualify.
+  const inReceiptEligibleFolder = !['sent', 'drafts', 'trash', 'junk'].includes(currentMailboxRole || '');
+
+  const shouldOfferReadReceipt =
+    !!readReceiptRequestedBy &&
+    !mdnAlreadyHandled &&
+    !mdnHandledLocally &&
+    readReceiptResponse !== 'never' &&
+    inReceiptEligibleFolder &&
+    !isDraft &&
+    !!receiptIdentity;
+
+  const sendReadReceiptNow = useCallback(async (automatic: boolean) => {
+    if (!client || !email || !readReceiptRequestedBy || !receiptIdentity) return;
+    const { rawId } = stripCrossAccountIdentityPrefix(receiptIdentity.id);
+    try {
+      await client.sendReadReceipt({
+        to: readReceiptRequestedBy,
+        fromEmail: receiptIdentity.email,
+        fromName: receiptIdentity.name,
+        identityId: rawId ?? receiptIdentity.id,
+        originalMessageId: email.messageId,
+        originalSubject: email.subject,
+        originalRecipient: receiptIdentity.email,
+        automatic,
+        subject: t('read_receipt.mdn_subject', { subject: email.subject || '' }),
+        humanText: t('read_receipt.mdn_body', { recipient: receiptIdentity.email }),
+      });
+      await client.setKeyword(email.id, '$mdnsent');
+    } catch (err) {
+      // Surface the failure instead of silently resetting the banner so we can
+      // see which step (upload / import / submission) failed.
+      console.error('Read-receipt (MDN) send failed:', err);
+      toast.error(t('read_receipt.send_failed'), {
+        message: err instanceof Error ? err.message : String(err),
+      });
+      throw err;
+    }
+  }, [client, email, readReceiptRequestedBy, receiptIdentity, t]);
+
+  const ignoreReadReceipt = useCallback(async () => {
+    setMdnHandledLocally(true);
+    if (client && email) {
+      // $MDNSent is the RFC 3503 flag every IMAP/JMAP client honours, so the
+      // request is suppressed everywhere - not just locally.
+      try { await client.setKeyword(email.id, '$mdnsent'); } catch { /* best effort */ }
+    }
+  }, [client, email]);
+
+  // "always" mode: auto-send the MDN once when the message is opened.
+  const autoMdnRef = useRef<string | null>(null);
+  useEffect(() => {
+    if (readReceiptResponse !== 'always') return;
+    if (!shouldOfferReadReceipt || !email) return;
+    if (autoMdnRef.current === email.id) return;
+    autoMdnRef.current = email.id;
+    sendReadReceiptNow(true).catch(() => { autoMdnRef.current = null; });
+  }, [readReceiptResponse, shouldOfferReadReceipt, email?.id, sendReadReceiptNow]);
+
   // Show loading skeleton while email is being fetched
   if (isLoading && !email) {
     return (
@@ -4946,9 +5049,10 @@ export function EmailViewer({
           error={smimeUnlockError}
         />
 
-        {/* Unified Notification Banner - External Content + Calendar Invitation */}
+        {/* Unified Notification Banner - External Content + Calendar Invitation + Read Receipt */}
         {((hasBlockedContent && !allowExternalContent && externalContentPolicy !== 'allow') ||
-          hasCalendarInvitation) && (
+          hasCalendarInvitation ||
+          (readReceiptResponse === 'ask' && shouldOfferReadReceipt)) && (
           <div className="border-b border-border bg-muted/30 isolate">
             <div className="px-6 py-1.5">
               <div className="flex flex-col gap-3 isolate">
@@ -5003,6 +5107,17 @@ export function EmailViewer({
 
 
 
+                {/* Read-receipt (MDN) request banner — only in "ask" mode */}
+                {readReceiptResponse === 'ask' && shouldOfferReadReceipt && readReceiptRequestedBy && (
+                  <div className="py-1">
+                    <ReadReceiptBanner
+                      requestedBy={readReceiptRequestedBy}
+                      onSend={() => sendReadReceiptNow(false)}
+                      onIgnore={ignoreReadReceipt}
+                    />
+                  </div>
+                )}
+
                 {/* Calendar Invitation Banner */}
                 {hasCalendarInvitation && (
                   <div className="py-1">

components/email/read-receipt-banner.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+'use client';
+
+import { useState } from 'react';
+import { MailCheck, Loader2, CheckCircle } from 'lucide-react';
+import { useTranslations } from 'next-intl';
+
+interface ReadReceiptBannerProps {
+  /** Address that requested the receipt (Disposition-Notification-To). */
+  requestedBy: string;
+  /** Sends the MDN. Should resolve when the receipt has been submitted. */
+  onSend: () => Promise<void>;
+  /** Suppresses the request without sending (sets $MDNSent server-side). */
+  onIgnore: () => void;
+}
+
+export function ReadReceiptBanner({ requestedBy, onSend, onIgnore }: ReadReceiptBannerProps) {
+  const t = useTranslations('email_viewer.read_receipt');
+  const [state, setState] = useState<'idle' | 'sending' | 'sent'>('idle');
+
+  if (state === 'sent') {
+    return (
+      <div className="flex items-center gap-2 rounded-md border border-border bg-muted/40 px-3 py-2 text-sm text-muted-foreground">
+        <CheckCircle className="w-4 h-4 text-green-600 dark:text-green-400 shrink-0" />
+        <span>{t('sent')}</span>
+      </div>
+    );
+  }
+
+  return (
+    <div className="flex flex-wrap items-center gap-2 rounded-md border border-amber-300/60 bg-amber-50 px-3 py-2 text-sm dark:border-amber-700/50 dark:bg-amber-950/30">
+      <MailCheck className="w-4 h-4 shrink-0 text-amber-600 dark:text-amber-400" />
+      <span className="text-foreground">{t('prompt')}</span>
+      <span className="break-all text-muted-foreground">{requestedBy}</span>
+      <div className="ml-auto flex items-center gap-2">
+        <button
+          onClick={async () => {
+            setState('sending');
+            try {
+              await onSend();
+              setState('sent');
+            } catch {
+              setState('idle');
+            }
+          }}
+          disabled={state === 'sending'}
+          className="inline-flex items-center gap-1.5 rounded-md bg-green-600 px-3 py-1.5 text-xs font-medium text-white transition-colors hover:bg-green-700 disabled:cursor-not-allowed disabled:opacity-50"
+        >
+          {state === 'sending' && <Loader2 className="w-3 h-3 animate-spin" />}
+          {t('send')}
+        </button>
+        <button
+          onClick={onIgnore}
+          className="rounded-md bg-red-600 px-3 py-1.5 text-xs font-medium text-white transition-colors hover:bg-red-700"
+        >
+          {t('ignore')}
+        </button>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  );
+}

components/settings/composing-settings.tsx

@@ -28,6 +28,8 @@ export function ComposingSettings() {
     subAddressDelimiter,
     signaturePosition,
     signatureSeparatorEnabled,
+    requestReadReceiptDefault,
+    readReceiptResponse,
     updateSetting,
   } = useSettingsStore();
   const { client } = useAuthStore();
@@ -78,6 +80,25 @@ export function ComposingSettings() {
         />
       </SettingItem>
 
+      <SettingItem label={t('request_read_receipt.label')} description={t('request_read_receipt.description')}>
+        <ToggleSwitch
+          checked={requestReadReceiptDefault}
+          onChange={(checked) => updateSetting('requestReadReceiptDefault', checked)}
+        />
+      </SettingItem>
+
+      <SettingItem label={t('read_receipt_response.label')} description={t('read_receipt_response.description')}>
+        <Select
+          value={readReceiptResponse}
+          onChange={(value) => updateSetting('readReceiptResponse', value as 'ask' | 'always' | 'never')}
+          options={[
+            { value: 'ask', label: t('read_receipt_response.ask') },
+            { value: 'always', label: t('read_receipt_response.always') },
+            { value: 'never', label: t('read_receipt_response.never') },
+          ]}
+        />
+      </SettingItem>
+
       <SettingItem
         label={t('sub_address_delimiter.label')}
         description={t('sub_address_delimiter.description', { delimiter: subAddressDelimiter })}

lib/demo/demo-client.ts

@@ -530,6 +530,14 @@ export class DemoJMAPClient implements IJMAPClient {
     return { blobId, size: file.size, type: file.type };
   }
 
+  async importEmail(): Promise<string | null> {
+    return generateDemoId('email');
+  }
+
+  async sendReadReceipt(): Promise<void> {
+    // Demo mode: no real network send.
+  }
+
   getBlobDownloadUrl(blobId: string): string {
     return `data:application/octet-stream;demo-blob=${blobId}`;
   }

lib/jmap/client-interface.ts

@@ -150,8 +150,30 @@ export interface IJMAPClient {
     references?: string[],
     delayedUntil?: string,
     envelopeMailFrom?: string,
+    options?: { requestReadReceipt?: boolean },
   ): Promise<SendEmailResult>;
 
+  importEmail(
+    blobId: string,
+    mailboxIds: Record<string, boolean>,
+    keywords?: Record<string, boolean>,
+    accountId?: string,
+  ): Promise<string | null>;
+
+  sendReadReceipt(params: {
+    to: string;
+    fromEmail: string;
+    fromName?: string;
+    identityId: string;
+    originalMessageId?: string | string[];
+    originalSubject?: string;
+    originalRecipient?: string;
+    automatic?: boolean;
+    accountId?: string;
+    subject?: string;
+    humanText?: string;
+  }): Promise<void>;
+
   sendRawEmail(blob: Blob, identityId: string, sentMailboxId: string, draftMailboxId?: string, delayedUntil?: string, envelopeRecipients?: string[]): Promise<SendEmailResult>;
   getScheduledEmails(limit?: number, position?: number): Promise<{ emails: ScheduledEmail[]; hasMore: boolean; total: number; nextPosition: number }>;
   cancelEmailSubmission(submissionId: string): Promise<void>;

lib/jmap/client.ts

@@ -2149,7 +2149,8 @@ export class JMAPClient implements IJMAPClient {
     inReplyTo?: string[],
     references?: string[],
     delayedUntil?: string,
-    envelopeMailFrom?: string
+    envelopeMailFrom?: string,
+    options?: { requestReadReceipt?: boolean }
   ): Promise<SendEmailResult> {
     const holdForSeconds = delayedUntil ? this.validateDelayedUntil(delayedUntil) : undefined;
     const emailId = `send-${Date.now()}`;
@@ -2219,6 +2220,13 @@ export class JMAPClient implements IJMAPClient {
       mailboxIds: { [draftsMailbox.id]: true },
     };
 
+    if (options?.requestReadReceipt) {
+      // RFC 8098: ask the recipient's client to return a Message Disposition
+      // Notification to our address. JMAP lets us set the raw header on create
+      // via the "header:<Name>:asText" property form.
+      emailCreate["header:Disposition-Notification-To:asText"] = fromEmail || this.username;
+    }
+
     if (htmlBody) {
       // Send as multipart/alternative with both text and HTML
       emailCreate.bodyValues = {
@@ -3007,6 +3015,108 @@ export class JMAPClient implements IJMAPClient {
     throw new Error('Invalid upload response: blobId not found');
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Import a raw RFC822 message (referenced by a previously-uploaded blob) into
+   * one or more mailboxes. Returns the new email id. Used for sending MDNs,
+   * where the exact MIME bytes must be preserved (Email/set can't express a
+   * multipart/report report-type parameter reliably).
+   */
+  async importEmail(
+    blobId: string,
+    mailboxIds: Record<string, boolean>,
+    keywords?: Record<string, boolean>,
+    accountId?: string
+  ): Promise<string | null> {
+    const targetAccountId = accountId || this.accountId;
+    const creationId = `imp-${Date.now()}`;
+    const response = await this.request([
+      ["Email/import", {
+        accountId: targetAccountId,
+        emails: {
+          [creationId]: { blobId, mailboxIds, keywords: keywords || { "$seen": true } },
+        },
+      }, "0"],
+    ]);
+    const res = response.methodResponses?.[0];
+    if (res?.[0] !== "Email/import") {
+      console.error('Email/import: unexpected response', res);
+      return null;
+    }
+    const payload = res[1] as {
+      created?: Record<string, { id: string }>;
+      notCreated?: Record<string, { type?: string; description?: string }>;
+    };
+    const created = payload?.created?.[creationId];
+    if (!created) {
+      const reason = payload?.notCreated?.[creationId];
+      console.error('Email/import failed:', reason || payload);
+      throw new Error(`Email/import: ${reason?.description || reason?.type || 'unknown error'}`);
+    }
+    return created.id;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Send an RFC 8098 Message Disposition Notification (read receipt) in reply
+   * to a message that carried a Disposition-Notification-To header. Builds the
+   * multipart/report, uploads it as a blob, imports it into Sent, then submits
+   * it with an explicit envelope (MAIL FROM = our identity, RCPT TO = the
+   * requesting address).
+   */
+  async sendReadReceipt(params: {
+    to: string;
+    fromEmail: string;
+    fromName?: string;
+    identityId: string;
+    originalMessageId?: string | string[];
+    originalSubject?: string;
+    originalRecipient?: string;
+    automatic?: boolean;
+    accountId?: string;
+    subject?: string;
+    humanText?: string;
+  }): Promise<void> {
+    const targetAccountId = params.accountId || this.accountId;
+    const { buildMdnMessage } = await import("@/lib/mdn");
+    const raw = buildMdnMessage(params);
+
+    const file = new File([raw], "receipt.eml", { type: "message/rfc822" });
+    const { blobId } = await this.uploadBlob(file);
+
+    const mailboxes = await this.getMailboxes();
+    const targetMailbox = mailboxes.find(mb => mb.role === 'sent') || mailboxes[0];
+    if (!targetMailbox) throw new Error('No mailbox available for MDN import');
+
+    const emailId = await this.importEmail(
+      blobId,
+      { [targetMailbox.id]: true },
+      { "$seen": true },
+      targetAccountId
+    );
+    if (!emailId) throw new Error('MDN import failed');
+
+    const subId = `mdnsub-${Date.now()}`;
+    const response = await this.request([
+      ["EmailSubmission/set", {
+        accountId: targetAccountId,
+        create: {
+          [subId]: {
+            emailId,
+            identityId: params.identityId,
+            envelope: {
+              mailFrom: { email: params.fromEmail },
+              rcptTo: [{ email: params.to }],
+            },
+          },
+        },
+      }, "0"],
+    ]);
+    const subRes = response.methodResponses?.[0];
+    const notCreated = (subRes?.[1] as { notCreated?: Record<string, { type?: string; description?: string }> })?.notCreated?.[subId];
+    if (notCreated) {
+      throw new Error(`MDN submission failed: ${notCreated.description || notCreated.type || 'unknown'}`);
+    }
+  }
+
   getBlobDownloadUrl(blobId: string, name?: string, type?: string): string {
     if (!this.downloadUrl) {
       throw new Error('Download URL not available. Please reconnect.');

lib/mdn.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+// Builds an RFC 8098 Message Disposition Notification (MDN) as a raw RFC 5322
+// message string. JMAP/Stalwart has no native MDN support, so the client
+// constructs the multipart/report itself and sends it via
+// blob-upload -> Email/import -> EmailSubmission/set (see client.sendReadReceipt).
+//
+// The message has two parts:
+//   1. text/plain  — human-readable explanation (English, ASCII; rarely shown)
+//   2. message/disposition-notification — the machine-readable fields
+// The optional third part (original message/headers) is omitted; RFC 8098 §3.1
+// permits a two-part report.
+
+export interface MdnOptions {
+  /** Address that requested the receipt (Disposition-Notification-To) — the MDN recipient. */
+  to: string;
+  /** Our identity address (sender of the MDN). */
+  fromEmail: string;
+  /** Optional display name for the From header. */
+  fromName?: string;
+  /** Original Message-ID. JMAP may hand this back as a string[]
+   *  (header:Message-ID:asMessageIds), so accept both. */
+  originalMessageId?: string | string[];
+  /** Original Subject (used to build the MDN subject). */
+  originalSubject?: string;
+  /**
+   * The address the original message was delivered to (our address/alias).
+   * Used for Final-Recipient/Original-Recipient. Falls back to fromEmail.
+   */
+  originalRecipient?: string;
+  /** true => automatic-action (setting "always"); false => manual-action (user clicked send). */
+  automatic?: boolean;
+  /** Reporting-UA value, e.g. "mail.dornig.de; Bulwark Webmail". */
+  reportingUa?: string;
+  /** Localized full Subject line. Defaults to "Read: <originalSubject>". */
+  subject?: string;
+  /** Localized human-readable explanation (first report part). Defaults to English. */
+  humanText?: string;
+}
+
+const DAYS = ["Sun", "Mon", "Tue", "Wed", "Thu", "Fri", "Sat"];
+const MONTHS = ["Jan", "Feb", "Mar", "Apr", "May", "Jun", "Jul", "Aug", "Sep", "Oct", "Nov", "Dec"];
+
+/** RFC 5322 date in UTC, e.g. "Thu, 28 May 2026 14:23:00 +0000". */
+function rfc5322Date(d: Date = new Date()): string {
+  const pad = (n: number) => String(n).padStart(2, "0");
+  return `${DAYS[d.getUTCDay()]}, ${pad(d.getUTCDate())} ${MONTHS[d.getUTCMonth()]} ${d.getUTCFullYear()} ` +
+    `${pad(d.getUTCHours())}:${pad(d.getUTCMinutes())}:${pad(d.getUTCSeconds())} +0000`;
+}
+
+/** UTF-8 string -> base64, without the deprecated unescape(). */
+function utf8ToBase64(value: string): string {
+  const bytes = new TextEncoder().encode(value);
+  let binary = "";
+  for (let i = 0; i < bytes.length; i++) binary += String.fromCharCode(bytes[i]);
+  return btoa(binary);
+}
+
+/** UTF-8 base64 body, wrapped at 76 chars per RFC 2045. */
+function base64Body(text: string): string {
+  return (utf8ToBase64(text).match(/.{1,76}/g) || []).join("\r\n");
+}
+
+/** RFC 2047 encoded-word for header values that contain non-ASCII characters. */
+function encodeHeaderWord(value: string): string {
+  // eslint-disable-next-line no-control-regex
+  if (!/[^\x00-\x7F]/.test(value)) return value;
+  return `=?UTF-8?B?${utf8ToBase64(value)}?=`;
+}
+
+function ensureAngles(messageId: string | string[] | undefined): string {
+  // JMAP often returns Message-ID as a string[] (header:...:asMessageIds), so
+  // normalize string | string[] | undefined down to a single bracketed id.
+  const raw = Array.isArray(messageId) ? messageId[0] : messageId;
+  if (typeof raw !== "string") return "";
+  const trimmed = raw.trim();
+  if (!trimmed) return "";
+  return trimmed.startsWith("<") ? trimmed : `<${trimmed}>`;
+}
+
+function randomToken(): string {
+  const rnd = Math.random().toString(36).slice(2);
+  return `${Date.now().toString(36)}.${rnd}`;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Build the raw RFC 5322 MDN message. Lines are CRLF-terminated as required
+ * by the MIME standard so the bytes import/transmit verbatim.
+ */
+export function buildMdnMessage(opts: MdnOptions): string {
+  const finalRecipient = opts.originalRecipient || opts.fromEmail;
+  const domain = (opts.fromEmail.split("@")[1] || "localhost").trim();
+  const messageId = `<mdn.${randomToken()}@${domain}>`;
+  const boundary = `----=_MDN_${randomToken()}`;
+  const origMsgId = ensureAngles(opts.originalMessageId); // normalized "<...>" or ""
+
+  const fromHeader = opts.fromName
+    ? `${encodeHeaderWord(opts.fromName)} <${opts.fromEmail}>`
+    : opts.fromEmail;
+
+  const subject = encodeHeaderWord(
+    opts.subject ?? `Read: ${opts.originalSubject || ""}`.trim()
+  );
+
+  const disposition = opts.automatic
+    ? "automatic-action/MDN-sent-automatically; displayed"
+    : "manual-action/MDN-sent-manually; displayed";
+
+  const reportingUa = opts.reportingUa || `${domain}; Bulwark Webmail`;
+
+  // Human-readable part. Caller passes a localized humanText; fall back to
+  // English. Encoded as UTF-8/base64 below so any language survives.
+  const humanText = opts.humanText ?? [
+    `This is a return receipt for the message you sent to ${finalRecipient}.`,
+    ``,
+    `Note: This receipt only acknowledges that the message was displayed on the`,
+    `recipient's computer. There is no guarantee that the recipient has read or`,
+    `understood the message contents.`,
+  ].join("\r\n");
+
+  // Machine-readable disposition-notification part (pure ASCII tokens).
+  const mdnFields = [
+    `Reporting-UA: ${reportingUa}`,
+    `Final-Recipient: rfc822;${finalRecipient}`,
+    ...(opts.originalRecipient ? [`Original-Recipient: rfc822;${opts.originalRecipient}`] : []),
+    ...(origMsgId ? [`Original-Message-ID: ${origMsgId}`] : []),
+    `Disposition: ${disposition}`,
+  ].join("\r\n");
+
+  return [
+    `Date: ${rfc5322Date()}`,
+    `From: ${fromHeader}`,
+    `To: ${opts.to}`,
+    `Subject: ${subject}`,
+    `Message-ID: ${messageId}`,
+    ...(origMsgId ? [`In-Reply-To: ${origMsgId}`] : []),
+    `MIME-Version: 1.0`,
+    `Content-Type: multipart/report; report-type=disposition-notification;`,
+    `\tboundary="${boundary}"`,
+    ``,
+    `--${boundary}`,
+    `Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8`,
+    `Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64`,
+    ``,
+    base64Body(humanText),
+    ``,
+    `--${boundary}`,
+    `Content-Type: message/disposition-notification`,
+    `Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit`,
+    ``,
+    mdnFields,
+    ``,
+    `--${boundary}--`,
+    ``,
+  ].join("\r\n");
+}

locales/cs/common.json

@@ -260,6 +260,15 @@
     "reschedule_prompt": "Zadejte nové datum/čas, např. 2026-05-04T15:30"
   },
   "email_viewer": {
+    "read_receipt": {
+      "prompt": "Odesílatel žádá o potvrzení o přečtení:",
+      "send": "Odeslat potvrzení",
+      "ignore": "Ignorovat",
+      "sent": "Potvrzení o přečtení odesláno.",
+      "send_failed": "Potvrzení o přečtení se nepodařilo odeslat",
+      "mdn_subject": "Přečteno: {subject}",
+      "mdn_body": "Toto je potvrzení o přečtení zprávy, kterou jste odeslali na adresu {recipient}.\n\nPoznámka: Toto potvrzení pouze potvrzuje, že zpráva byla zobrazena na počítači příjemce. Nezaručuje, že příjemce obsah přečetl nebo mu porozuměl."
+    },
     "no_email_selected": "Není vybrána žádná zpráva",
     "no_email_description": "Vyberte zprávu ze seznamu pro její zobrazení",
     "no_conversation_selected": "Není vybrána žádná konverzace",
@@ -545,6 +554,8 @@
     "undo_send": "Vrátit odeslání"
   },
   "email_composer": {
+    "read_receipt_on": "Vyžádáno potvrzení o přečtení (kliknutím vypnete)",
+    "read_receipt_off": "Vyžádat potvrzení o přečtení",
     "new_message": "Nová zpráva",
     "reply": "Odpovědět",
     "reply_all": "Odpovědět všem",
@@ -1006,6 +1017,17 @@
       }
     },
     "email_behavior": {
+      "request_read_receipt": {
+        "label": "Standardně vyžadovat potvrzení o přečtení",
+        "description": "Při psaní nové zprávy předem zapnout žádost o potvrzení o přečtení."
+      },
+      "read_receipt_response": {
+        "label": "Reagovat na žádosti o potvrzení o přečtení",
+        "description": "Co dělat, když příchozí zpráva žádá o potvrzení o přečtení.",
+        "ask": "Vždy se zeptat",
+        "always": "Vždy odeslat",
+        "never": "Nikdy neodesílat"
+      },
       "title": "Chování e-mailu",
       "description": "Nakonfigurujte způsob zpracování e-mailů",
       "mark_read": {

locales/da/common.json

@@ -260,6 +260,15 @@
     "reschedule_prompt": "Indtast en ny dato/tid, f.eks. 2026-05-04T15:30"
   },
   "email_viewer": {
+    "read_receipt": {
+      "prompt": "Afsenderen anmoder om en læsekvittering:",
+      "send": "Send kvittering",
+      "ignore": "Ignorér",
+      "sent": "Læsekvittering sendt.",
+      "send_failed": "Læsekvittering kunne ikke sendes",
+      "mdn_subject": "Læst: {subject}",
+      "mdn_body": "Dette er en læsekvittering for den besked, du sendte til {recipient}.\n\nBemærk: Denne kvittering bekræfter kun, at beskeden blev vist på modtagerens computer. Der er ingen garanti for, at modtageren har læst eller forstået indholdet."
+    },
     "no_email_selected": "Ingen e-mail valgt",
     "no_email_description": "Vælg en e-mail fra listen for at se den her",
     "no_conversation_selected": "Ingen samtale valgt",
@@ -545,6 +554,8 @@
     "undo_send": "Fortryd afsendelse"
   },
   "email_composer": {
+    "read_receipt_on": "Læsekvittering anmodet (klik for at deaktivere)",
+    "read_receipt_off": "Anmod om læsekvittering",
     "new_message": "Ny besked",
     "reply": "Svar",
     "reply_all": "Svar alle",
@@ -1007,6 +1018,17 @@
       }
     },
     "email_behavior": {
+      "request_read_receipt": {
+        "label": "Anmod om læsekvittering som standard",
+        "description": "Aktivér anmodningen om læsekvittering på forhånd, når du skriver en ny besked."
+      },
+      "read_receipt_response": {
+        "label": "Svar på anmodninger om læsekvittering",
+        "description": "Hvad der skal ske, når en indgående besked beder om en læsekvittering.",
+        "ask": "Spørg hver gang",
+        "always": "Send altid",
+        "never": "Send aldrig"
+      },
       "title": "E-mail-adfærd",
       "description": "Konfigurér hvordan e-mails håndteres",
       "mark_read": {

locales/de/common.json

@@ -260,6 +260,15 @@
     "reschedule_prompt": "Neues Datum/Uhrzeit eingeben, z. B. 2026-05-04T15:30"
   },
   "email_viewer": {
+    "read_receipt": {
+      "prompt": "Der Absender bittet um eine Lesebestätigung:",
+      "send": "Bestätigung senden",
+      "ignore": "Ignorieren",
+      "sent": "Lesebestätigung gesendet.",
+      "send_failed": "Lesebestätigung konnte nicht gesendet werden",
+      "mdn_subject": "Gelesen: {subject}",
+      "mdn_body": "Dies ist eine Lesebestätigung für die Nachricht, die Sie an {recipient} gesendet haben.\n\nHinweis: Diese Bestätigung bestätigt lediglich, dass die Nachricht auf dem Computer des Empfängers angezeigt wurde. Es gibt keine Garantie, dass der Empfänger den Inhalt gelesen oder verstanden hat."
+    },
     "no_email_selected": "Keine E-Mail ausgewählt",
     "no_email_description": "Wählen Sie eine E-Mail aus der Liste aus, um sie hier anzuzeigen",
     "no_conversation_selected": "Keine Unterhaltung ausgewählt",
@@ -545,6 +554,8 @@
     "undo_send": "Senden rückgängig"
   },
   "email_composer": {
+    "read_receipt_on": "Lesebestätigung angefordert (klicken zum Deaktivieren)",
+    "read_receipt_off": "Lesebestätigung anfordern",
     "new_message": "Neue Nachricht",
     "reply": "Antworten",
     "reply_all": "Allen antworten",
@@ -1006,6 +1017,17 @@
       }
     },
     "email_behavior": {
+      "request_read_receipt": {
+        "label": "Lesebestätigung standardmäßig anfordern",
+        "description": "Beim Verfassen einer neuen Nachricht die Anforderung einer Lesebestätigung vorab aktivieren."
+      },
+      "read_receipt_response": {
+        "label": "Auf Lesebestätigungs-Anfragen reagieren",
+        "description": "Verhalten, wenn eine eingehende Nachricht um eine Lesebestätigung bittet.",
+        "ask": "Jedes Mal fragen",
+        "always": "Immer senden",
+        "never": "Nie senden"
+      },
       "title": "E-Mail-Verhalten",
       "description": "Konfigurieren Sie, wie E-Mails verarbeitet werden",
       "mark_read": {

locales/en/common.json

@@ -260,6 +260,15 @@
     "reschedule_prompt": "Enter a new date/time, e.g. 2026-05-04T15:30"
   },
   "email_viewer": {
+    "read_receipt": {
+      "prompt": "The sender requested a read receipt:",
+      "send": "Send receipt",
+      "ignore": "Ignore",
+      "sent": "Read receipt sent.",
+      "send_failed": "Read receipt could not be sent",
+      "mdn_subject": "Read: {subject}",
+      "mdn_body": "This is a return receipt for the message you sent to {recipient}.\n\nNote: This receipt only acknowledges that the message was displayed on the recipient''s computer. There is no guarantee that the recipient has read or understood the message contents."
+    },
     "no_email_selected": "No email selected",
     "no_email_description": "Select an email from the list to view it here",
     "no_conversation_selected": "No conversation selected",
@@ -545,6 +554,8 @@
     "undo_send": "Undo send"
   },
   "email_composer": {
+    "read_receipt_on": "Read receipt requested (click to disable)",
+    "read_receipt_off": "Request a read receipt",
     "new_message": "New Message",
     "reply": "Reply",
     "reply_all": "Reply All",
@@ -1007,6 +1018,17 @@
       }
     },
     "email_behavior": {
+      "request_read_receipt": {
+        "label": "Request read receipts by default",
+        "description": "Pre-enable the read-receipt request when composing a new message."
+      },
+      "read_receipt_response": {
+        "label": "Respond to read-receipt requests",
+        "description": "What to do when an incoming message asks for a read receipt.",
+        "ask": "Ask each time",
+        "always": "Always send",
+        "never": "Never send"
+      },
       "title": "Email Behavior",
       "description": "Configure how emails are handled",
       "mark_read": {

locales/es/common.json

@@ -260,6 +260,15 @@
     "reschedule_prompt": "Introduce una nueva fecha/hora, p. ej. 2026-05-04T15:30"
   },
   "email_viewer": {
+    "read_receipt": {
+      "prompt": "El remitente solicita una confirmación de lectura:",
+      "send": "Enviar confirmación",
+      "ignore": "Ignorar",
+      "sent": "Confirmación de lectura enviada.",
+      "send_failed": "No se pudo enviar la confirmación de lectura",
+      "mdn_subject": "Leído: {subject}",
+      "mdn_body": "Este es un acuse de recibo del mensaje que enviaste a {recipient}.\n\nNota: Este acuse solo confirma que el mensaje se mostró en el ordenador del destinatario. No garantiza que el destinatario haya leído o entendido el contenido."
+    },
     "no_email_selected": "Ningún correo seleccionado",
     "no_email_description": "Seleccione un correo de la lista para verlo aquí",
     "no_conversation_selected": "Ninguna conversación seleccionada",
@@ -545,6 +554,8 @@
     "undo_send": "Deshacer envío"
   },
   "email_composer": {
+    "read_receipt_on": "Confirmación de lectura solicitada (haz clic para desactivar)",
+    "read_receipt_off": "Solicitar confirmación de lectura",
     "new_message": "Nuevo Mensaje",
     "reply": "Responder",
     "reply_all": "Responder a Todos",
@@ -1006,6 +1017,17 @@
       }
     },
     "email_behavior": {
+      "request_read_receipt": {
+        "label": "Solicitar confirmaciones de lectura de forma predeterminada",
+        "description": "Activar previamente la solicitud de confirmación de lectura al redactar un mensaje nuevo."
+      },
+      "read_receipt_response": {
+        "label": "Responder a las solicitudes de confirmación de lectura",
+        "description": "Qué hacer cuando un mensaje entrante solicita una confirmación de lectura.",
+        "ask": "Preguntar cada vez",
+        "always": "Enviar siempre",
+        "never": "No enviar nunca"
+      },
       "title": "Comportamiento del Correo",
       "description": "Configure cómo se manejan los correos",
       "mark_read": {

locales/fr/common.json

@@ -260,6 +260,15 @@
     "reschedule_prompt": "Saisissez une nouvelle date/heure, p. ex. 2026-05-04T15:30"
   },
   "email_viewer": {
+    "read_receipt": {
+      "prompt": "L''expéditeur demande un accusé de lecture :",
+      "send": "Envoyer l''accusé",
+      "ignore": "Ignorer",
+      "sent": "Accusé de lecture envoyé.",
+      "send_failed": "Impossible d''envoyer l''accusé de lecture",
+      "mdn_subject": "Lu : {subject}",
+      "mdn_body": "Ceci est un accusé de réception du message que vous avez envoyé à {recipient}.\n\nRemarque : cet accusé confirme uniquement que le message a été affiché sur l''ordinateur du destinataire. Il ne garantit pas que le destinataire a lu ou compris le contenu."
+    },
     "no_email_selected": "Aucun email sélectionné",
     "no_email_description": "Sélectionnez un email dans la liste pour le voir ici",
     "no_conversation_selected": "Aucune conversation sélectionnée",
@@ -545,6 +554,8 @@
     "undo_send": "Annuler l’envoi"
   },
   "email_composer": {
+    "read_receipt_on": "Accusé de lecture demandé (cliquez pour désactiver)",
+    "read_receipt_off": "Demander un accusé de lecture",
     "new_message": "Nouveau message",
     "reply": "Répondre",
     "reply_all": "Répondre à tous",
@@ -1006,6 +1017,17 @@
       }
     },
     "email_behavior": {
+      "request_read_receipt": {
+        "label": "Demander un accusé de lecture par défaut",
+        "description": "Activer au préalable la demande d''accusé de lecture lors de la rédaction d''un nouveau message."
+      },
+      "read_receipt_response": {
+        "label": "Répondre aux demandes d''accusé de lecture",
+        "description": "Que faire lorsqu''un message entrant demande un accusé de lecture.",
+        "ask": "Demander à chaque fois",
+        "always": "Toujours envoyer",
+        "never": "Ne jamais envoyer"
+      },
       "title": "Comportement email",
       "description": "Configurez la gestion des emails",
       "mark_read": {

locales/it/common.json

@@ -260,6 +260,15 @@
     "reschedule_prompt": "Inserisci una nuova data/ora, ad es. 2026-05-04T15:30"
   },
   "email_viewer": {
+    "read_receipt": {
+      "prompt": "Il mittente richiede una conferma di lettura:",
+      "send": "Invia conferma",
+      "ignore": "Ignora",
+      "sent": "Conferma di lettura inviata.",
+      "send_failed": "Impossibile inviare la conferma di lettura",
+      "mdn_subject": "Letto: {subject}",
+      "mdn_body": "Questa è una conferma di lettura del messaggio che hai inviato a {recipient}.\n\nNota: questa conferma attesta solo che il messaggio è stato visualizzato sul computer del destinatario. Non garantisce che il destinatario abbia letto o compreso il contenuto."
+    },
     "no_email_selected": "Nessun messaggio selezionato",
     "no_email_description": "Seleziona un messaggio dall'elenco per visualizzarlo qui",
     "no_conversation_selected": "Nessuna conversazione selezionata",
@@ -545,6 +554,8 @@
     "undo_send": "Annulla invio"
   },
   "email_composer": {
+    "read_receipt_on": "Conferma di lettura richiesta (clicca per disattivare)",
+    "read_receipt_off": "Richiedi una conferma di lettura",
     "new_message": "Nuovo messaggio",
     "reply": "Rispondi",
     "reply_all": "Rispondi a tutti",
@@ -1006,6 +1017,17 @@
       }
     },
     "email_behavior": {
+      "request_read_receipt": {
+        "label": "Richiedi conferme di lettura per impostazione predefinita",
+        "description": "Attiva in anticipo la richiesta di conferma di lettura durante la composizione di un nuovo messaggio."
+      },
+      "read_receipt_response": {
+        "label": "Rispondi alle richieste di conferma di lettura",
+        "description": "Cosa fare quando un messaggio in arrivo richiede una conferma di lettura.",
+        "ask": "Chiedi ogni volta",
+        "always": "Invia sempre",
+        "never": "Non inviare mai"
+      },
       "title": "Comportamento email",
       "description": "Configura come vengono gestiti i messaggi",
       "mark_read": {

locales/ja/common.json

@@ -260,6 +260,15 @@
     "reschedule_prompt": "新しい日時を入力してください。例: 2026-05-04T15:30"
   },
   "email_viewer": {
+    "read_receipt": {
+      "prompt": "送信者が開封確認を求めています：",
+      "send": "確認を送信",
+      "ignore": "無視",
+      "sent": "開封確認を送信しました。",
+      "send_failed": "開封確認を送信できませんでした",
+      "mdn_subject": "開封済み: {subject}",
+      "mdn_body": "これは、あなたが {recipient} に送信したメッセージの開封確認です。\n\n注意: この確認は、メッセージが受信者のコンピューターに表示されたことを示すだけです。受信者が内容を読んだ、または理解したことを保証するものではありません。"
+    },
     "no_email_selected": "メールが選択されていません",
     "no_email_description": "リストからメールを選択して表示してください",
     "no_conversation_selected": "会話が選択されていません",
@@ -545,6 +554,8 @@
     "undo_send": "送信を取り消す"
   },
   "email_composer": {
+    "read_receipt_on": "開封確認を要求中（クリックで無効化）",
+    "read_receipt_off": "開封確認を要求する",
     "new_message": "新規メッセージ",
     "reply": "返信",
     "reply_all": "全員に返信",
@@ -1006,6 +1017,17 @@
       }
     },
     "email_behavior": {
+      "request_read_receipt": {
+        "label": "既定で開封確認を要求する",
+        "description": "新しいメッセージの作成時に、開封確認の要求をあらかじめ有効にします。"
+      },
+      "read_receipt_response": {
+        "label": "開封確認の要求に応答する",
+        "description": "受信メッセージが開封確認を求めたときの動作。",
+        "ask": "毎回確認する",
+        "always": "常に送信",
+        "never": "送信しない"
+      },
       "title": "メール動作",
       "description": "メールの処理方法を設定",
       "mark_read": {

locales/ko/common.json

@@ -260,6 +260,15 @@
     "reschedule_prompt": "새 날짜/시간을 입력하세요. 예: 2026-05-04T15:30"
   },
   "email_viewer": {
+    "read_receipt": {
+      "prompt": "보낸 사람이 읽음 확인을 요청합니다:",
+      "send": "확인 보내기",
+      "ignore": "무시",
+      "sent": "읽음 확인을 보냈습니다.",
+      "send_failed": "읽음 확인을 보낼 수 없습니다",
+      "mdn_subject": "읽음: {subject}",
+      "mdn_body": "이것은 {recipient}(으)로 보낸 메시지에 대한 읽음 확인입니다.\n\n참고: 이 확인은 메시지가 수신자의 컴퓨터에 표시되었음을 알릴 뿐입니다. 수신자가 내용을 읽거나 이해했다는 보장은 없습니다."
+    },
     "no_email_selected": "메일이 선택되지 않았어요",
     "no_email_description": "목록에서 메일을 선택하면 여기에 내용이 표시돼요",
     "no_conversation_selected": "대화가 선택되지 않았어요",
@@ -545,6 +554,8 @@
     "undo_send": "보내기 실행 취소"
   },
   "email_composer": {
+    "read_receipt_on": "읽음 확인 요청됨 (클릭하여 해제)",
+    "read_receipt_off": "읽음 확인 요청",
     "new_message": "새 메시지",
     "reply": "답장",
     "reply_all": "전체 답장",
@@ -1006,6 +1017,17 @@
       }
     },
     "email_behavior": {
+      "request_read_receipt": {
+        "label": "기본적으로 읽음 확인 요청",
+        "description": "새 메시지를 작성할 때 읽음 확인 요청을 미리 켭니다."
+      },
+      "read_receipt_response": {
+        "label": "읽음 확인 요청에 응답",
+        "description": "수신 메시지가 읽음 확인을 요청할 때의 동작.",
+        "ask": "매번 묻기",
+        "always": "항상 보내기",
+        "never": "보내지 않음"
+      },
       "title": "메일 동작",
       "description": "이메일 관련 동작 방식을 설정해 주세요",
       "mark_read": {

locales/lv/common.json

@@ -260,6 +260,15 @@
     "reschedule_prompt": "Ievadiet jaunu datumu/laiku, piem. 2026-05-04T15:30"
   },
   "email_viewer": {
+    "read_receipt": {
+      "prompt": "Sūtītājs pieprasa lasīšanas apstiprinājumu:",
+      "send": "Sūtīt apstiprinājumu",
+      "ignore": "Ignorēt",
+      "sent": "Lasīšanas apstiprinājums nosūtīts.",
+      "send_failed": "Neizdevās nosūtīt lasīšanas apstiprinājumu",
+      "mdn_subject": "Izlasīts: {subject}",
+      "mdn_body": "Šis ir lasīšanas apstiprinājums ziņojumam, ko nosūtījāt uz {recipient}.\n\nPiezīme: šis apstiprinājums tikai apliecina, ka ziņojums tika parādīts saņēmēja datorā. Tas negarantē, ka saņēmējs ir izlasījis vai sapratis saturu."
+    },
     "no_email_selected": "Nav atlasīta neviena vēstule",
     "no_email_description": "Atlasiet vēstuli no saraksta, lai to skatītu šeit",
     "no_conversation_selected": "Nav atlasīta saruna",
@@ -545,6 +554,8 @@
     "undo_send": "Atsaukt sūtīšanu"
   },
   "email_composer": {
+    "read_receipt_on": "Pieprasīts lasīšanas apstiprinājums (noklikšķiniet, lai atspējotu)",
+    "read_receipt_off": "Pieprasīt lasīšanas apstiprinājumu",
     "new_message": "Jauns ziņojums",
     "reply": "Atbildēt",
     "reply_all": "Atbildēt visiem",
@@ -1006,6 +1017,17 @@
       }
     },
     "email_behavior": {
+      "request_read_receipt": {
+        "label": "Pēc noklusējuma pieprasīt lasīšanas apstiprinājumus",
+        "description": "Sastādot jaunu ziņojumu, iepriekš ieslēgt lasīšanas apstiprinājuma pieprasījumu."
+      },
+      "read_receipt_response": {
+        "label": "Atbildēt uz lasīšanas apstiprinājuma pieprasījumiem",
+        "description": "Ko darīt, kad ienākošs ziņojums pieprasa lasīšanas apstiprinājumu.",
+        "ask": "Vaicāt katru reizi",
+        "always": "Vienmēr sūtīt",
+        "never": "Nekad nesūtīt"
+      },
       "title": "Pasta darbība",
       "description": "Pielāgojiet vēstuļu apstrādi",
       "mark_read": {

locales/nl/common.json

@@ -260,6 +260,15 @@
     "reschedule_prompt": "Voer een nieuwe datum/tijd in, bijv. 2026-05-04T15:30"
   },
   "email_viewer": {
+    "read_receipt": {
+      "prompt": "De afzender vraagt om een leesbevestiging:",
+      "send": "Bevestiging verzenden",
+      "ignore": "Negeren",
+      "sent": "Leesbevestiging verzonden.",
+      "send_failed": "Leesbevestiging kon niet worden verzonden",
+      "mdn_subject": "Gelezen: {subject}",
+      "mdn_body": "Dit is een leesbevestiging voor het bericht dat u hebt verzonden naar {recipient}.\n\nLet op: deze bevestiging geeft alleen aan dat het bericht is weergegeven op de computer van de ontvanger. Er is geen garantie dat de ontvanger de inhoud heeft gelezen of begrepen."
+    },
     "no_email_selected": "Geen e-mail geselecteerd",
     "no_email_description": "Selecteer een e-mail uit de lijst om deze hier te bekijken",
     "no_conversation_selected": "Geen gesprek geselecteerd",
@@ -545,6 +554,8 @@
     "undo_send": "Verzenden ongedaan maken"
   },
   "email_composer": {
+    "read_receipt_on": "Leesbevestiging aangevraagd (klik om uit te schakelen)",
+    "read_receipt_off": "Leesbevestiging aanvragen",
     "new_message": "Nieuw bericht",
     "reply": "Beantwoorden",
     "reply_all": "Allen beantwoorden",
@@ -1006,6 +1017,17 @@
       }
     },
     "email_behavior": {
+      "request_read_receipt": {
+        "label": "Standaard om leesbevestiging vragen",
+        "description": "De aanvraag voor een leesbevestiging vooraf inschakelen bij het opstellen van een nieuw bericht."
+      },
+      "read_receipt_response": {
+        "label": "Reageren op verzoeken om leesbevestiging",
+        "description": "Wat te doen wanneer een inkomend bericht om een leesbevestiging vraagt.",
+        "ask": "Elke keer vragen",
+        "always": "Altijd verzenden",
+        "never": "Nooit verzenden"
+      },
       "title": "E-mailgedrag",
       "description": "Configureer hoe e-mails worden verwerkt",
       "mark_read": {

locales/pl/common.json

@@ -260,6 +260,15 @@
     "reschedule_prompt": "Wprowadź nową datę/godzinę, np. 2026-05-04T15:30"
   },
   "email_viewer": {
+    "read_receipt": {
+      "prompt": "Nadawca prosi o potwierdzenie przeczytania:",
+      "send": "Wyślij potwierdzenie",
+      "ignore": "Ignoruj",
+      "sent": "Wysłano potwierdzenie przeczytania.",
+      "send_failed": "Nie udało się wysłać potwierdzenia przeczytania",
+      "mdn_subject": "Przeczytano: {subject}",
+      "mdn_body": "To jest potwierdzenie przeczytania wiadomości wysłanej do {recipient}.\n\nUwaga: to potwierdzenie oznacza jedynie, że wiadomość została wyświetlona na komputerze odbiorcy. Nie gwarantuje, że odbiorca przeczytał lub zrozumiał treść."
+    },
     "no_email_selected": "Nie wybrano wiadomości",
     "no_email_description": "Wybierz wiadomość z listy, aby ją wyświetlić",
     "no_conversation_selected": "Nie wybrano konwersacji",
@@ -545,6 +554,8 @@
     "undo_send": "Cofnij wysyłkę"
   },
   "email_composer": {
+    "read_receipt_on": "Zażądano potwierdzenia przeczytania (kliknij, aby wyłączyć)",
+    "read_receipt_off": "Zażądaj potwierdzenia przeczytania",
     "new_message": "Nowa wiadomość",
     "reply": "Odpowiedz",
     "reply_all": "Odpowiedz wszystkim",
@@ -1006,6 +1017,17 @@
       }
     },
     "email_behavior": {
+      "request_read_receipt": {
+        "label": "Domyślnie żądaj potwierdzeń przeczytania",
+        "description": "Włącz wcześniej żądanie potwierdzenia przeczytania podczas tworzenia nowej wiadomości."
+      },
+      "read_receipt_response": {
+        "label": "Odpowiadaj na żądania potwierdzenia przeczytania",
+        "description": "Co zrobić, gdy przychodząca wiadomość prosi o potwierdzenie przeczytania.",
+        "ask": "Pytaj za każdym razem",
+        "always": "Zawsze wysyłaj",
+        "never": "Nigdy nie wysyłaj"
+      },
       "title": "Zachowanie poczty e-mail",
       "description": "Skonfiguruj sposób obsługi wiadomości e-mail",
       "mark_read": {

locales/pt/common.json

@@ -260,6 +260,15 @@
     "reschedule_prompt": "Informe uma nova data/hora, ex. 2026-05-04T15:30"
   },
   "email_viewer": {
+    "read_receipt": {
+      "prompt": "O remetente solicita uma confirmação de leitura:",
+      "send": "Enviar confirmação",
+      "ignore": "Ignorar",
+      "sent": "Confirmação de leitura enviada.",
+      "send_failed": "Não foi possível enviar a confirmação de leitura",
+      "mdn_subject": "Lido: {subject}",
+      "mdn_body": "Este é um aviso de leitura da mensagem que você enviou para {recipient}.\n\nObservação: este aviso apenas confirma que a mensagem foi exibida no computador do destinatário. Não há garantia de que o destinatário tenha lido ou compreendido o conteúdo."
+    },
     "no_email_selected": "Nenhum e-mail selecionado",
     "no_email_description": "Selecione um e-mail da lista para visualizá-lo aqui",
     "no_conversation_selected": "Nenhuma conversa selecionada",
@@ -545,6 +554,8 @@
     "undo_send": "Desfazer envio"
   },
   "email_composer": {
+    "read_receipt_on": "Confirmação de leitura solicitada (clique para desativar)",
+    "read_receipt_off": "Solicitar confirmação de leitura",
     "new_message": "Nova Mensagem",
     "reply": "Responder",
     "reply_all": "Responder a Todos",
@@ -1006,6 +1017,17 @@
       }
     },
     "email_behavior": {
+      "request_read_receipt": {
+        "label": "Solicitar confirmações de leitura por padrão",
+        "description": "Ativar previamente a solicitação de confirmação de leitura ao redigir uma nova mensagem."
+      },
+      "read_receipt_response": {
+        "label": "Responder a solicitações de confirmação de leitura",
+        "description": "O que fazer quando uma mensagem recebida solicita uma confirmação de leitura.",
+        "ask": "Perguntar sempre",
+        "always": "Enviar sempre",
+        "never": "Nunca enviar"
+      },
       "title": "Comportamento de E-mail",
       "description": "Configure como os e-mails são manipulados",
       "mark_read": {

locales/ru/common.json

@@ -260,6 +260,15 @@
     "reschedule_prompt": "Введите новую дату/время, например 2026-05-04T15:30"
   },
   "email_viewer": {
+    "read_receipt": {
+      "prompt": "Отправитель запрашивает уведомление о прочтении:",
+      "send": "Отправить уведомление",
+      "ignore": "Игнорировать",
+      "sent": "Уведомление о прочтении отправлено.",
+      "send_failed": "Не удалось отправить уведомление о прочтении",
+      "mdn_subject": "Прочитано: {subject}",
+      "mdn_body": "Это уведомление о прочтении сообщения, отправленного вами на адрес {recipient}.\n\nПримечание: это уведомление лишь подтверждает, что сообщение было показано на компьютере получателя. Оно не гарантирует, что получатель прочитал или понял содержимое."
+    },
     "no_email_selected": "Письмо не выбрано",
     "no_email_description": "Выберите письмо из списка, чтобы просмотреть его здесь",
     "no_conversation_selected": "Беседа не выбрана",
@@ -545,6 +554,8 @@
     "undo_send": "Отменить отправку"
   },
   "email_composer": {
+    "read_receipt_on": "Запрошено уведомление о прочтении (нажмите, чтобы отключить)",
+    "read_receipt_off": "Запросить уведомление о прочтении",
     "new_message": "Новое письмо",
     "reply": "Ответить",
     "reply_all": "Ответить всем",
@@ -1006,6 +1017,17 @@
       }
     },
     "email_behavior": {
+      "request_read_receipt": {
+        "label": "Запрашивать уведомления о прочтении по умолчанию",
+        "description": "Заранее включать запрос уведомления о прочтении при создании нового сообщения."
+      },
+      "read_receipt_response": {
+        "label": "Отвечать на запросы уведомления о прочтении",
+        "description": "Что делать, когда входящее сообщение запрашивает уведомление о прочтении.",
+        "ask": "Спрашивать каждый раз",
+        "always": "Всегда отправлять",
+        "never": "Никогда не отправлять"
+      },
       "title": "Поведение почты",
       "description": "Настройте обработку писем",
       "mark_read": {

locales/tr/common.json

@@ -260,6 +260,15 @@
     "reschedule_prompt": "Yeni tarih/saat girin, ör. 2026-05-04T15:30"
   },
   "email_viewer": {
+    "read_receipt": {
+      "prompt": "Gönderen bir okundu bilgisi istiyor:",
+      "send": "Bilgi gönder",
+      "ignore": "Yoksay",
+      "sent": "Okundu bilgisi gönderildi.",
+      "send_failed": "Okundu bilgisi gönderilemedi",
+      "mdn_subject": "Okundu: {subject}",
+      "mdn_body": "Bu, {recipient} adresine gönderdiğiniz iletinin okundu bilgisidir.\n\nNot: Bu bilgi yalnızca iletinin alıcının bilgisayarında görüntülendiğini belirtir. Alıcının içeriği okuduğunu veya anladığını garanti etmez."
+    },
     "no_email_selected": "E-posta seçilmedi",
     "no_email_description": "Burada görüntülemek için listeden bir e-posta seçin",
     "no_conversation_selected": "Konuşma seçilmedi",
@@ -545,6 +554,8 @@
     "undo_send": "Göndermeyi geri al"
   },
   "email_composer": {
+    "read_receipt_on": "Okundu bilgisi istendi (devre dışı bırakmak için tıklayın)",
+    "read_receipt_off": "Okundu bilgisi iste",
     "new_message": "Yeni İleti",
     "reply": "Yanıtla",
     "reply_all": "Tümünü Yanıtla",
@@ -1006,6 +1017,17 @@
       }
     },
     "email_behavior": {
+      "request_read_receipt": {
+        "label": "Varsayılan olarak okundu bilgisi iste",
+        "description": "Yeni bir ileti yazarken okundu bilgisi isteğini önceden etkinleştir."
+      },
+      "read_receipt_response": {
+        "label": "Okundu bilgisi isteklerine yanıt ver",
+        "description": "Gelen bir ileti okundu bilgisi istediğinde ne yapılacağı.",
+        "ask": "Her seferinde sor",
+        "always": "Her zaman gönder",
+        "never": "Asla gönderme"
+      },
       "title": "E-posta Davranışı",
       "description": "E-postaların nasıl işleneceğini yapılandırın",
       "mark_read": {

locales/uk/common.json

@@ -260,6 +260,15 @@
     "reschedule_prompt": "Введіть нову дату/час, напр. 2026-05-04T15:30"
   },
   "email_viewer": {
+    "read_receipt": {
+      "prompt": "Відправник запитує сповіщення про прочитання:",
+      "send": "Надіслати сповіщення",
+      "ignore": "Ігнорувати",
+      "sent": "Сповіщення про прочитання надіслано.",
+      "send_failed": "Не вдалося надіслати сповіщення про прочитання",
+      "mdn_subject": "Прочитано: {subject}",
+      "mdn_body": "Це сповіщення про прочитання повідомлення, яке ви надіслали на адресу {recipient}.\n\nПримітка: це сповіщення лише підтверджує, що повідомлення було показано на комп''ютері отримувача. Воно не гарантує, що отримувач прочитав або зрозумів вміст."
+    },
     "no_email_selected": "Електронна адреса не вибрана",
     "no_email_description": "Виберіть електронний лист зі списку, щоб переглянути його тут",
     "no_conversation_selected": "Розмова не вибрана",
@@ -545,6 +554,8 @@
     "undo_send": "Скасувати надсилання"
   },
   "email_composer": {
+    "read_receipt_on": "Запитано сповіщення про прочитання (натисніть, щоб вимкнути)",
+    "read_receipt_off": "Запитати сповіщення про прочитання",
     "new_message": "Нове повідомлення",
     "reply": "Відповісти",
     "reply_all": "Відповісти всім",
@@ -1006,6 +1017,17 @@
       }
     },
     "email_behavior": {
+      "request_read_receipt": {
+        "label": "Запитувати сповіщення про прочитання за замовчуванням",
+        "description": "Заздалегідь вмикати запит сповіщення про прочитання під час створення нового повідомлення."
+      },
+      "read_receipt_response": {
+        "label": "Відповідати на запити сповіщення про прочитання",
+        "description": "Що робити, коли вхідне повідомлення запитує сповіщення про прочитання.",
+        "ask": "Запитувати щоразу",
+        "always": "Завжди надсилати",
+        "never": "Ніколи не надсилати"
+      },
       "title": "Поведінка електронної пошти",
       "description": "Налаштувати спосіб обробки електронних листів",
       "mark_read": {

locales/zh/common.json

@@ -260,6 +260,15 @@
     "reschedule_prompt": "输入新的日期/时间，例如 2026-05-04T15:30"
   },
   "email_viewer": {
+    "read_receipt": {
+      "prompt": "发件人请求已读回执：",
+      "send": "发送回执",
+      "ignore": "忽略",
+      "sent": "已读回执已发送。",
+      "send_failed": "无法发送已读回执",
+      "mdn_subject": "已读：{subject}",
+      "mdn_body": "这是您发送给 {recipient} 的邮件的已读回执。\n\n注意：此回执仅表示邮件已在收件人的计算机上显示，并不保证收件人已阅读或理解邮件内容。"
+    },
     "no_email_selected": "未选择邮件",
     "no_email_description": "从列表中选择一封邮件以在此查看",
     "no_conversation_selected": "未选择会话",
@@ -545,6 +554,8 @@
     "undo_send": "撤销发送"
   },
   "email_composer": {
+    "read_receipt_on": "已请求已读回执（点击以关闭）",
+    "read_receipt_off": "请求已读回执",
     "new_message": "新邮件",
     "reply": "回复",
     "reply_all": "全部回复",
@@ -1006,6 +1017,17 @@
       }
     },
     "email_behavior": {
+      "request_read_receipt": {
+        "label": "默认请求已读回执",
+        "description": "撰写新邮件时预先启用已读回执请求。"
+      },
+      "read_receipt_response": {
+        "label": "响应已读回执请求",
+        "description": "当收到的邮件请求已读回执时的处理方式。",
+        "ask": "每次询问",
+        "always": "始终发送",
+        "never": "从不发送"
+      },
       "title": "邮件行为",
       "description": "配置邮件的处理方式",
       "mark_read": {

stores/email-store.ts

@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ interface EmailStore {
   loadMoreEmails: (client: IJMAPClient) => Promise<void>;
   fetchEmailContent: (client: IJMAPClient, emailId: string) => Promise<Email | null>;
   fetchQuota: (client: IJMAPClient) => Promise<void>;
-  sendEmail: (client: IJMAPClient, to: string[], subject: string, body: string, cc?: string[], bcc?: string[], identityId?: string, fromEmail?: string, draftId?: string, fromName?: string, htmlBody?: string, attachments?: Array<{ blobId: string; name: string; type: string; size: number; disposition?: 'attachment' | 'inline'; cid?: string }>, inReplyTo?: string[], references?: string[], delayedUntil?: string, envelopeMailFrom?: string) => Promise<SendEmailResult>;
+  sendEmail: (client: IJMAPClient, to: string[], subject: string, body: string, cc?: string[], bcc?: string[], identityId?: string, fromEmail?: string, draftId?: string, fromName?: string, htmlBody?: string, attachments?: Array<{ blobId: string; name: string; type: string; size: number; disposition?: 'attachment' | 'inline'; cid?: string }>, inReplyTo?: string[], references?: string[], delayedUntil?: string, envelopeMailFrom?: string, options?: { requestReadReceipt?: boolean }) => Promise<SendEmailResult>;
   sendRawEmail: (client: IJMAPClient, rawMimeBlob: Blob, identityId: string, delayedUntil?: string, envelopeRecipients?: string[]) => Promise<SendEmailResult>;
   deleteEmail: (client: IJMAPClient, emailId: string, forceDelete?: boolean) => Promise<void>;
   markAsRead: (client: IJMAPClient, emailId: string, read: boolean) => Promise<void>;
@@ -841,10 +841,10 @@ export const useEmailStore = create<EmailStore>((set, get) => ({
     }
   },
 
-  sendEmail: async (client, to, subject, body, cc, bcc, identityId, fromEmail, draftId, fromName, htmlBody, attachments, inReplyTo, references, delayedUntil, envelopeMailFrom) => {
+  sendEmail: async (client, to, subject, body, cc, bcc, identityId, fromEmail, draftId, fromName, htmlBody, attachments, inReplyTo, references, delayedUntil, envelopeMailFrom, options) => {
     set({ isLoading: true, error: null });
     try {
-      const result = await client.sendEmail(to, subject, body, cc, bcc, identityId, fromEmail, draftId, fromName, htmlBody, attachments, inReplyTo, references, delayedUntil, envelopeMailFrom);
+      const result = await client.sendEmail(to, subject, body, cc, bcc, identityId, fromEmail, draftId, fromName, htmlBody, attachments, inReplyTo, references, delayedUntil, envelopeMailFrom, options);
       // Refresh handled by UI layer for immediate feedback
       set({
         isLoading: false,

stores/settings-store.ts

@@ -31,6 +31,8 @@ export type ListDensity = Density;
 export type DeleteAction = 'trash' | 'trash-and-read' | 'permanent';
 export type ReplyMode = 'reply' | 'replyAll';
 export type SignaturePosition = 'above_quote' | 'below_quote';
+/** How to handle an incoming Disposition-Notification-To (read-receipt) request. */
+export type ReadReceiptResponse = 'ask' | 'always' | 'never';
 export type DateFormat = 'smart' | 'relative' | 'full';
 export type TimeFormat = '12h' | '24h';
 export type FirstDayOfWeek = 0 | 1; // 0 = Sunday, 1 = Monday
@@ -157,6 +159,8 @@ interface SettingsState {
   sendDelaySeconds: SendDelaySeconds;
   signaturePosition: SignaturePosition; // Position of the signature relative to quoted text in replies/forwards
   signatureSeparatorEnabled: boolean; // Prefix the signature with the RFC 3676 "-- " delimiter
+  requestReadReceiptDefault: boolean; // Pre-check "request read receipt" in the composer
+  readReceiptResponse: ReadReceiptResponse; // How to respond to incoming read-receipt requests
 
   // Privacy & Security
   sessionTimeout: number; // minutes (0 = never)
@@ -332,6 +336,8 @@ const DEFAULT_SETTINGS = {
   sendDelaySeconds: 0 as SendDelaySeconds,
   signaturePosition: 'below_quote' as SignaturePosition,
   signatureSeparatorEnabled: true,
+  requestReadReceiptDefault: false,
+  readReceiptResponse: 'ask' as ReadReceiptResponse,
 
   // Privacy & Security
   sessionTimeout: 0, // Never
@@ -526,6 +532,8 @@ export const useSettingsStore = create<SettingsState>()(
           sendDelaySeconds: state.sendDelaySeconds,
           signaturePosition: state.signaturePosition,
           signatureSeparatorEnabled: state.signatureSeparatorEnabled,
+          requestReadReceiptDefault: state.requestReadReceiptDefault,
+          readReceiptResponse: state.readReceiptResponse,
           sessionTimeout: state.sessionTimeout,
           emailNotificationsEnabled: state.emailNotificationsEnabled,
           emailNotificationSound: state.emailNotificationSound,