diff --git a/components/contacts/contact-detail.tsx b/components/contacts/contact-detail.tsx
index 9d69d210..ae05be43 100644
--- a/components/contacts/contact-detail.tsx
+++ b/components/contacts/contact-detail.tsx
@@ -351,13 +351,16 @@ export function ContactDetail({ contact, onEdit, onDelete, isMobile, className }
             </Section>
           )}
 
-          {contact.gender && (contact.gender.sex || contact.gender.identity) && (
+          {contact.speakToAs && (contact.speakToAs.grammaticalGender || contact.speakToAs.pronouns) && (
             <Section icon={UserCircle} title={t("detail.gender")} category="personal">
               <div className="text-sm">
-                {contact.gender.sex && <span>{t(`detail.gender_${contact.gender.sex.toUpperCase()}`, { defaultValue: contact.gender.sex })}</span>}
-                {contact.gender.identity && (
-                  <span className="text-muted-foreground">{contact.gender.sex ? " — " : ""}{contact.gender.identity}</span>
-                )}
+                {contact.speakToAs.grammaticalGender && <span>{t(`detail.gender_${contact.speakToAs.grammaticalGender}`, { defaultValue: contact.speakToAs.grammaticalGender })}</span>}
+                {contact.speakToAs.pronouns && (() => {
+                  const firstPronoun = Object.values(contact.speakToAs!.pronouns!)[0]?.pronouns;
+                  return firstPronoun ? (
+                    <span className="text-muted-foreground">{contact.speakToAs!.grammaticalGender ? " — " : ""}{firstPronoun}</span>
+                  ) : null;
+                })()}
               </div>
             </Section>
           )}
diff --git a/components/contacts/contact-form.tsx b/components/contacts/contact-form.tsx
index 657be3a2..7ef14167 100644
--- a/components/contacts/contact-form.tsx
+++ b/components/contacts/contact-form.tsx
@@ -235,8 +235,10 @@ export function ContactForm({ contact, onSave, onCancel }: ContactFormProps) {
     contact?.notes ? Object.values(contact.notes)[0]?.note || "" : ""
   );
 
-  const [genderSex, setGenderSex] = useState(contact?.gender?.sex || "");
-  const [genderIdentity, setGenderIdentity] = useState(contact?.gender?.identity || "");
+  const [genderSex, setGenderSex] = useState(contact?.speakToAs?.grammaticalGender || "");
+  const [genderIdentity, setGenderIdentity] = useState(
+    contact?.speakToAs?.pronouns ? Object.values(contact.speakToAs.pronouns)[0]?.pronouns || "" : ""
+  );
   const [calendarUri, setCalendarUri] = useState(contact?.calendarUri || "");
   const [schedulingUri, setSchedulingUri] = useState(contact?.schedulingUri || "");
   const [freeBusyUri, setFreeBusyUri] = useState(contact?.freeBusyUri || "");
@@ -371,8 +373,11 @@ export function ContactForm({ contact, onSave, onCancel }: ContactFormProps) {
       notes: note.trim()
         ? { n0: { note: note.trim() } }
         : undefined,
-      gender: (genderSex.trim() || genderIdentity.trim())
-        ? { sex: genderSex.trim() || undefined, identity: genderIdentity.trim() || undefined }
+      speakToAs: (genderSex.trim() || genderIdentity.trim())
+        ? {
+            grammaticalGender: genderSex.trim() || undefined,
+            pronouns: genderIdentity.trim() ? { p0: { pronouns: genderIdentity.trim() } } : undefined,
+          }
         : undefined,
       calendarUri: calendarUri.trim() || undefined,
       schedulingUri: schedulingUri.trim() || undefined,
@@ -737,11 +742,11 @@ export function ContactForm({ contact, onSave, onCancel }: ContactFormProps) {
                 <label className="text-xs text-muted-foreground mb-1 block">{t("gender_sex")}</label>
                 <Select value={genderSex} onChange={(e) => setGenderSex(e.target.value)} className="w-full">
                   <option value="">—</option>
-                  <option value="M">{t("gender_male")}</option>
-                  <option value="F">{t("gender_female")}</option>
-                  <option value="O">{t("gender_other")}</option>
-                  <option value="N">{t("gender_none")}</option>
-                  <option value="U">{t("gender_unknown")}</option>
+                  <option value="masculine">{t("gender_male")}</option>
+                  <option value="feminine">{t("gender_female")}</option>
+                  <option value="other">{t("gender_other")}</option>
+                  <option value="none">{t("gender_none")}</option>
+                  <option value="unknown">{t("gender_unknown")}</option>
                 </Select>
               </div>
               <div>
diff --git a/lib/__tests__/vcard.test.ts b/lib/__tests__/vcard.test.ts
index acca5283..ccff3dc7 100644
--- a/lib/__tests__/vcard.test.ts
+++ b/lib/__tests__/vcard.test.ts
@@ -226,7 +226,7 @@ describe("parseVCard", () => {
     expect(result).toHaveLength(1);
     const card = result[0];
 
-    expect(card.gender).toEqual({ sex: "F", identity: "Female" });
+    expect(card.speakToAs).toEqual({ grammaticalGender: "feminine", pronouns: { p0: { pronouns: "Female" } } });
     expect(card.media?.m0).toEqual({
       kind: "logo",
       uri: "https://example.com/logo.png",
@@ -331,7 +331,7 @@ describe("generateVCard", () => {
         components: [{ kind: "given", value: "Jane" }],
         isOrdered: true,
       },
-      gender: { sex: "F", identity: "Female" },
+      speakToAs: { grammaticalGender: "feminine", pronouns: { p0: { pronouns: "Female" } } },
       media: {
         m0: { kind: "logo", uri: "https://example.com/logo.png", mediaType: "image/png" },
         m1: { kind: "sound", uri: "https://example.com/sound.ogg", mediaType: "audio/ogg" },
diff --git a/lib/jmap/types.ts b/lib/jmap/types.ts
index e7457149..c6748c21 100644
--- a/lib/jmap/types.ts
+++ b/lib/jmap/types.ts
@@ -183,7 +183,10 @@ export interface ContactCard {
   relatedTo?: Record<string, ContactRelation>;
   keywords?: Record<string, boolean>;
   members?: Record<string, boolean>;
-  gender?: { sex?: string; identity?: string };
+  speakToAs?: {
+    grammaticalGender?: string;
+    pronouns?: Record<string, { pronouns: string; pref?: number; contexts?: Record<string, boolean> }>;
+  };
   calendarUri?: string;
   schedulingUri?: string;
   freeBusyUri?: string;
diff --git a/lib/vcard.ts b/lib/vcard.ts
index 6d0be68f..8fbc819f 100644
--- a/lib/vcard.ts
+++ b/lib/vcard.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,29 @@
 import type { ContactCard, NameComponent, ContactMedia, ContactOnlineService } from "@/lib/jmap/types";
 
+const VCARD_SEX_TO_GENDER: Record<string, string> = {
+  M: "masculine",
+  F: "feminine",
+  O: "other",
+  N: "none",
+  U: "unknown",
+};
+
+const GENDER_TO_VCARD_SEX: Record<string, string> = {
+  masculine: "M",
+  feminine: "F",
+  other: "O",
+  none: "N",
+  unknown: "U",
+};
+
+function vcardSexToGrammaticalGender(sex: string): string {
+  return VCARD_SEX_TO_GENDER[sex.toUpperCase()] || sex.toLowerCase();
+}
+
+function grammaticalGenderToVcardSex(gender: string): string {
+  return GENDER_TO_VCARD_SEX[gender.toLowerCase()] || "";
+}
+
 function unfoldLines(vcf: string): string {
   return vcf.replace(/\r\n[ \t]/g, "").replace(/\r\n/g, "\n").replace(/\r/g, "\n");
 }
@@ -390,9 +414,17 @@ function buildContact(raw: Record<string, string[]>): ContactCard | null {
 
         case "GENDER": {
           const gParts = val.split(";");
-          card.gender = {};
-          if (gParts[0]) card.gender.sex = gParts[0];
-          if (gParts[1]) card.gender.identity = gParts[1];
+          const sexCode = gParts[0]?.toUpperCase();
+          const identityText = gParts[1];
+          if (sexCode || identityText) {
+            card.speakToAs = {};
+            if (sexCode) {
+              card.speakToAs.grammaticalGender = vcardSexToGrammaticalGender(sexCode);
+            }
+            if (identityText) {
+              card.speakToAs.pronouns = { p0: { pronouns: identityText } };
+            }
+          }
           break;
         }
 
@@ -684,10 +716,15 @@ function generateSingleVCard(contact: ContactCard): string {
     }
   }
 
-  if (contact.gender) {
-    const sex = contact.gender.sex || "";
-    const identity = contact.gender.identity || "";
-    lines.push(`GENDER:${sex}${identity ? `;${identity}` : ""}`);
+  if (contact.speakToAs) {
+    const sex = contact.speakToAs.grammaticalGender
+      ? grammaticalGenderToVcardSex(contact.speakToAs.grammaticalGender)
+      : "";
+    const pronouns = contact.speakToAs.pronouns;
+    const identity = pronouns ? Object.values(pronouns)[0]?.pronouns || "" : "";
+    if (sex || identity) {
+      lines.push(`GENDER:${sex}${identity ? `;${identity}` : ""}`);
+    }
   }
 
   if (contact.calendarUri) {
diff --git a/locales/de/common.json b/locales/de/common.json
index 0734ead9..2e1d1da0 100644
--- a/locales/de/common.json
+++ b/locales/de/common.json
@@ -1491,11 +1491,11 @@
       "personal_interest": "Interesse",
       "personal_other": "Sonstiges",
       "gender": "Geschlecht",
-      "gender_M": "Männlich",
-      "gender_F": "Weiblich",
-      "gender_O": "Andere",
-      "gender_N": "Nicht zutreffend",
-      "gender_U": "Unbekannt",
+      "gender_masculine": "Männlich",
+      "gender_feminine": "Weiblich",
+      "gender_other": "Andere",
+      "gender_none": "Nicht zutreffend",
+      "gender_unknown": "Unbekannt",
       "calendar": "Kalender",
       "calendar_uri": "Kalender-URL",
       "scheduling_uri": "Terminplanungs-URL",
diff --git a/locales/en/common.json b/locales/en/common.json
index cdede18f..4bc6ebb2 100644
--- a/locales/en/common.json
+++ b/locales/en/common.json
@@ -1505,11 +1505,11 @@
       "personal_interest": "Interest",
       "personal_other": "Other",
       "gender": "Gender",
-      "gender_M": "Male",
-      "gender_F": "Female",
-      "gender_O": "Other",
-      "gender_N": "Not applicable",
-      "gender_U": "Unknown",
+      "gender_masculine": "Male",
+      "gender_feminine": "Female",
+      "gender_other": "Other",
+      "gender_none": "Not applicable",
+      "gender_unknown": "Unknown",
       "calendar": "Calendar",
       "calendar_uri": "Calendar URL",
       "scheduling_uri": "Scheduling URL",
diff --git a/locales/es/common.json b/locales/es/common.json
index 0213bb17..60051267 100644
--- a/locales/es/common.json
+++ b/locales/es/common.json
@@ -1491,11 +1491,11 @@
       "personal_interest": "Interés",
       "personal_other": "Otro",
       "gender": "Género",
-      "gender_M": "Masculino",
-      "gender_F": "Femenino",
-      "gender_O": "Otro",
-      "gender_N": "No aplicable",
-      "gender_U": "Desconocido",
+      "gender_masculine": "Masculino",
+      "gender_feminine": "Femenino",
+      "gender_other": "Otro",
+      "gender_none": "No aplicable",
+      "gender_unknown": "Desconocido",
       "calendar": "Calendario",
       "calendar_uri": "URL del calendario",
       "scheduling_uri": "URL de programación",
diff --git a/locales/fr/common.json b/locales/fr/common.json
index 51cfc93b..8419df01 100644
--- a/locales/fr/common.json
+++ b/locales/fr/common.json
@@ -1491,11 +1491,11 @@
       "personal_interest": "Intérêt",
       "personal_other": "Autre",
       "gender": "Genre",
-      "gender_M": "Masculin",
-      "gender_F": "Féminin",
-      "gender_O": "Autre",
-      "gender_N": "Non applicable",
-      "gender_U": "Inconnu",
+      "gender_masculine": "Masculin",
+      "gender_feminine": "Féminin",
+      "gender_other": "Autre",
+      "gender_none": "Non applicable",
+      "gender_unknown": "Inconnu",
       "calendar": "Calendrier",
       "calendar_uri": "URL du calendrier",
       "scheduling_uri": "URL de planification",
diff --git a/locales/it/common.json b/locales/it/common.json
index 010eec90..93d29fd7 100644
--- a/locales/it/common.json
+++ b/locales/it/common.json
@@ -1491,11 +1491,11 @@
       "personal_interest": "Interesse",
       "personal_other": "Altro",
       "gender": "Genere",
-      "gender_M": "Maschile",
-      "gender_F": "Femminile",
-      "gender_O": "Altro",
-      "gender_N": "Non applicabile",
-      "gender_U": "Sconosciuto",
+      "gender_masculine": "Maschile",
+      "gender_feminine": "Femminile",
+      "gender_other": "Altro",
+      "gender_none": "Non applicabile",
+      "gender_unknown": "Sconosciuto",
       "calendar": "Calendario",
       "calendar_uri": "URL del calendario",
       "scheduling_uri": "URL di pianificazione",
diff --git a/locales/ja/common.json b/locales/ja/common.json
index 7d1fd31d..7be34e16 100644
--- a/locales/ja/common.json
+++ b/locales/ja/common.json
@@ -1491,11 +1491,11 @@
       "personal_interest": "興味",
       "personal_other": "その他",
       "gender": "性別",
-      "gender_M": "男性",
-      "gender_F": "女性",
-      "gender_O": "その他",
-      "gender_N": "該当なし",
-      "gender_U": "不明",
+      "gender_masculine": "男性",
+      "gender_feminine": "女性",
+      "gender_other": "その他",
+      "gender_none": "該当なし",
+      "gender_unknown": "不明",
       "calendar": "カレンダー",
       "calendar_uri": "カレンダーURL",
       "scheduling_uri": "スケジュールURL",
diff --git a/locales/nl/common.json b/locales/nl/common.json
index 775bf993..801877f0 100644
--- a/locales/nl/common.json
+++ b/locales/nl/common.json
@@ -1491,11 +1491,11 @@
       "personal_interest": "Interesse",
       "personal_other": "Overig",
       "gender": "Geslacht",
-      "gender_M": "Man",
-      "gender_F": "Vrouw",
-      "gender_O": "Anders",
-      "gender_N": "Niet van toepassing",
-      "gender_U": "Onbekend",
+      "gender_masculine": "Man",
+      "gender_feminine": "Vrouw",
+      "gender_other": "Anders",
+      "gender_none": "Niet van toepassing",
+      "gender_unknown": "Onbekend",
       "calendar": "Kalender",
       "calendar_uri": "Kalender-URL",
       "scheduling_uri": "Planning-URL",
diff --git a/locales/pt/common.json b/locales/pt/common.json
index accd419a..bb0d6af2 100644
--- a/locales/pt/common.json
+++ b/locales/pt/common.json
@@ -1491,11 +1491,11 @@
       "personal_interest": "Interesse",
       "personal_other": "Outro",
       "gender": "Gênero",
-      "gender_M": "Masculino",
-      "gender_F": "Feminino",
-      "gender_O": "Outro",
-      "gender_N": "Não aplicável",
-      "gender_U": "Desconhecido",
+      "gender_masculine": "Masculino",
+      "gender_feminine": "Feminino",
+      "gender_other": "Outro",
+      "gender_none": "Não aplicável",
+      "gender_unknown": "Desconhecido",
       "calendar": "Calendário",
       "calendar_uri": "URL do calendário",
       "scheduling_uri": "URL de agendamento",